Petrographic and Chemical Characterization of the Frescoes by Saturnino Gatti (Central Italy, 15th Century)

This study presents the petrographic and chemical characterization of frescoes in Church San Panfilo Tornimparte (AQ, Italy) by Saturnino Gatti, a prominent painter late 15th–early 16th century, known for his exquisite technique, composition, use color. The is essential understanding materials techniques used as well identifying stratigraphy painting phases. Eighteen samples were collected from original paint layers, later additions (17th century), restored surfaces, analyzed optical microscopy, cathodoluminescence scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), μ-Raman, paramagnetic resonance (EPR). analyses revealed microstratigraphy often made three main layers: (1) preparation, consisting lime plaster sand; (2) pigmented lime, applied fresco technique; (3) additional layer on surface. most recurring pigments are black, red, yellow (all generally linked with technique), blue (applied “a secco”). presence two phases was also noted one sample, probably resulting rethinking or restoration. These findings contribute to history past restoration works this cultural heritage site, providing important insights not only conservators restorers, but broader Italian art 15th early centuries.